7.1 CATEGORY OF CHARTS AND GRAPH

•The line chart is one of the most frequently used chart types, typically used to show trends over a period of time.

• If you need to chart changes over time, consider using a line chart.

•A pie chart represents the distribution or proportion of each data item over a total value (represented by the overall pie).

•A pie chart is most effective when plotting no more than three categories of data.

•Scatter charts in Excel (also known as XY scatter plot charts) are excellent for showing correlations between two sets of values. For example an XY scatter plot can be used to illustrate the correlation between employee performance and competency, demonstrating that employee performance rises as competency improves.

The x and y axes work together to represent data plots on the chart based on the intersection of x values and y values.

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7.2 CREATE CHARTS AND GRAPH USING MICROSOFT EXCEL

FIRST STEP-BUILD DATA

THEN, CLICK INSERT

STYLE CHARTS

IF YOU TO DESIGN YOUR CHARTS, CLIK DESIGN> CHART STYLE

FORMAT CHART IF YOU TO CHANGE THE COLOUR OF YOUR CHARTS.

FORMAT BAR TO CHANGE COLOUR OF THE BAR

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7.3 Data series and appropriate chart and graph

https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/Charts_and_Diagrams.htm

LINE CHART

• Display continuous data over time, set against a common scale, and are therefore ideal to show trends in data at equal intervals.

CHART SUBTYPES:

• Line chart with or without markers    
• Stacked line chart with or without markers 
• 100% stacked line chart displayed with or without markers    
• 3-D line chart      

PIE CHARTS

• Show the size of items in one data series, proportional to the sum of the items.
• The data points in a pie chart are displayed as a percentage of the whole pie.

CHART SUBTYPES:

• Pie chart    
• Pie of pie or bar of pie  chart    
• Exploded pie chart

XY (SCATTER) CHART

• A scatter chart has two value axes. It shows one set of numeric data along the horizontal axis (x-axis) and another along the vertical axis (y-axis).
• It combines these values into single data points and displays them in irregular intervals, or clusters.

CHART SUBTYPES :

• Scatter chart with markers only    
• Scatter chart with smooth lines and scatter chart with smooth lines and markers    
• Scatter chart with straight lines and scatter chart with straight lines and markers.

STOCK CHART

• As its name implies, a stock chart is most frequently used to show the fluctuation of stock prices.
• However, this chart may also be used for scientific data.

CHART SUBTPYES:

• High-low-close stock chart    
• Open-high-low-close stock chart    
• Volume-high-low-close stock chart
• Volume-open-high-low-close stock chart

SURFACE CHART

• A surface chart is useful when you want to find optimal combinations between two sets of data.

CHART SUBTYPES :

• 3-D surface chart    
• Wireframe 3-D surface chart    
• Contour chart    
• Wireframe contour chart.

RADAR CHART

• In a radar chart, each category has its own value axis radiating from the center point. 
• Lines connect all the values in the same series.

CHART SUBTYPES:

• Radar chart
• Filled radar chart

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7.4 Usage of charts and graphs

PIE CHARTS

Øwhen have only one data series.

Øwhen the total of something is known.

Øto show the pieces that make it up.

Øto show the percentage of total comparison.

LINE CHARTS

-can display continuous data over time.

-can compare the data among years

-can show trends in a data at equal intervals.

BAR GRAPHS

qIt's easy to compare sets of

 data between different groups

 at a glance.

qThe relationship of the data

 between the x and y axes is

 easy to see.

qThey are effective in

 presenting trends or changes

 over time.

AREA CHART

qrepresent cumulated totals using

 numbers or percentages (stacked area

 charts in this case) over time.

qfor showing trends over time among

 related attributes.

qthe area chart is like the plot chart

 except that the area below the plotted line

 is filled in with colour to indicate volume.

qwhen multiple attributes are included,

 the first attribute is plotted as a line with

colour fill followed by the second attribute,

 and so on.

RADAR

 CHARTS

Øcompare between the best one to

 choose.

Ø display multivariate observations

 with an arbitrary number of

 variables.

Ødisplay the performance metrics of

any on going program

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